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ResearchIn-Press PreviewNeuroscienceOphthalmology Open Access | 10.1172/jci.insight.202223

Optic nerve regeneration requires the intracellular domain of LIFRα/CD118

Qian Jiang,1 Cong Wang,1 Yuerong Ren,1 Peiyun Duan,1 Ke Tian,1 Xiangwei Duan,1 Binghan Cai,1 Changzhong Xu,1 Ke Liu,1 Jian Li,2 Larry Benowitz,3 Ningli Wang,4 Bing Jiang,1 and Lili Xie1

1Department of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Division of Rheumatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America

3Departments of Neurosurgery and Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America

4Department of Ophthalmology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

Find articles by Jiang, Q. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Division of Rheumatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America

3Departments of Neurosurgery and Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America

4Department of Ophthalmology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

Find articles by Wang, C. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Division of Rheumatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America

3Departments of Neurosurgery and Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America

4Department of Ophthalmology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

Find articles by Ren, Y. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Division of Rheumatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America

3Departments of Neurosurgery and Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America

4Department of Ophthalmology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

Find articles by Duan, P. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Division of Rheumatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America

3Departments of Neurosurgery and Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America

4Department of Ophthalmology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

Find articles by Tian, K. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Division of Rheumatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America

3Departments of Neurosurgery and Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America

4Department of Ophthalmology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

Find articles by Duan, X. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Division of Rheumatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America

3Departments of Neurosurgery and Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America

4Department of Ophthalmology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

Find articles by Cai, B. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Division of Rheumatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America

3Departments of Neurosurgery and Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America

4Department of Ophthalmology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

Find articles by Xu, C. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Division of Rheumatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America

3Departments of Neurosurgery and Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America

4Department of Ophthalmology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

Find articles by Liu, K. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Division of Rheumatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America

3Departments of Neurosurgery and Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America

4Department of Ophthalmology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

Find articles by Li, J. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Division of Rheumatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America

3Departments of Neurosurgery and Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America

4Department of Ophthalmology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

Find articles by Benowitz, L. in: PubMed | Google Scholar |

1Department of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Division of Rheumatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America

3Departments of Neurosurgery and Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America

4Department of Ophthalmology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

Find articles by Wang, N. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Division of Rheumatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America

3Departments of Neurosurgery and Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America

4Department of Ophthalmology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

Find articles by Jiang, B. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

1Department of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China

2Division of Rheumatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America

3Departments of Neurosurgery and Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States of America

4Department of Ophthalmology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

Find articles by Xie, L. in: PubMed | Google Scholar

Published September 1, 2026 - More info

JCI Insight. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.202223.
Copyright © 2026, Jiang et al. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
Published September 1, 2026 - Version history
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Abstract

Identifying factors that govern retinal ganglion cells’ (RGCs) ability to extend axons is an important step in developing therapies to achieve recovery after optic nerve injury. Here we report that the intracellular domain of the leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR/CD118) is essential for mature RGCs’ ability to regenerate injured axons independent of the cognate ligand (LIF) and other therapies. Overexpression of LIFR in adult RGCs induces neurite outgrowth in cultured RGCs and axon regeneration in vivo while strongly amplifying RGCs’ response to LIF itself and to unrelated growth factors. Conversely, downregulation of LIFR strongly suppresses the pro-regenerative effects of Pten deletion and other potent stimuli. LIFR modulation alters the constitutive activity of the MAP kinase pathway, in contrast to LIF itself, which primarily activates pSTAT3. The extracellular-domain-truncated LIFR construct retains substantial pro-regenerative activity, whereas mutation of intracellular signaling motifs reduces the full regenerative effect of LIFR. Together, these findings identify LIFR as a key cell-autonomous regulator of optic nerve regeneration in mature RGCs.

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