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MEF2C opposes Notch in lymphoid lineage decision and drives leukemia in the thymus
Kirsten Canté-Barrett, Mariska T. Meijer, Valentina Cordo’, Rico Hagelaar, Wentao Yang, Jiyang Yu, Willem K. Smits, Marloes E. Nulle, Joris P. Jansen, Rob Pieters, Jun J. Yang, Jody J. Haigh, Steven Goossens, Jules P.P. Meijerink
Kirsten Canté-Barrett, Mariska T. Meijer, Valentina Cordo’, Rico Hagelaar, Wentao Yang, Jiyang Yu, Willem K. Smits, Marloes E. Nulle, Joris P. Jansen, Rob Pieters, Jun J. Yang, Jody J. Haigh, Steven Goossens, Jules P.P. Meijerink
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Research Article Hematology Oncology

MEF2C opposes Notch in lymphoid lineage decision and drives leukemia in the thymus

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Abstract

Rearrangements that drive ectopic MEF2C expression have recurrently been found in patients with human early thymocyte progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ETP-ALL). Here, we show high levels of MEF2C expression in patients with ETP-ALL. Using both in vivo and in vitro models of ETP-ALL, we demonstrate that elevated MEF2C expression blocks NOTCH-induced T cell differentiation while promoting a B-lineage program. MEF2C activates a B cell transcriptional program in addition to RUNX1, GATA3, and LMO2; upregulates the IL-7R; and boosts cell survival by upregulation of BCL2. MEF2C and the Notch pathway, therefore, demarcate opposite regulators of B- or T-lineage choices, respectively. Enforced MEF2C expression in mouse or human progenitor cells effectively blocks early T cell differentiation and promotes the development of biphenotypic lymphoid tumors that coexpress CD3 and CD19, resembling human mixed phenotype acute leukemia. Salt-inducible kinase (SIK) inhibitors impair MEF2C activity and alleviate the T cell developmental block. Importantly, this sensitizes cells to prednisolone treatment. Therefore, SIK-inhibiting compounds such as dasatinib are potentially valuable additions to standard chemotherapy for human ETP-ALL.

Authors

Kirsten Canté-Barrett, Mariska T. Meijer, Valentina Cordo’, Rico Hagelaar, Wentao Yang, Jiyang Yu, Willem K. Smits, Marloes E. Nulle, Joris P. Jansen, Rob Pieters, Jun J. Yang, Jody J. Haigh, Steven Goossens, Jules P.P. Meijerink

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Figure 4

MEF2C induces BCL2 and provides a survival advantage under limiting serum levels.

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MEF2C induces BCL2 and provides a survival advantage under limiting seru...
(A) LOUCY_MEF2C-BFP cells were cultured in triplicate without (dashed lines) or following induction of MEF2C (+dox, solid lines) in media containing 0%, 1%, or 10% fetal calf serum (FCS; mean values ± SD are shown). (B) Percentage of cells expressing the MEF2C-BFP construct in the derivative LOUCY_MEF2C-BFP bulk line. Triplicate experiments grown for 22 days in the presence of 1% (left) or 10% (right) FCS. Each column displays the fraction of MEF2C-BFP expressing cells in blue. (C) LOUCY_MEF2C-BFP cells were grown in medium containing 1% FCS without (–dox, gray line) or with MEF2C-BFP induction (+dox, blue line). Dox was washed out at day 17 (dashed blue line), and cells were further cultured in 1% FCS media without dox. Mean values ± SD from an experiment in triplicate are shown; shown are representative examples of 3 independent experiments performed. (D) Western blot for MEF2C and BCL2 in LOUCY_MEF2C-BFP cells that were grown in 1% or 10% FCS media for 3 days without (–dox) or with MEF2C induction (+dox). Relative band intensities for BCL2 normalized to β-actin are indicated, with the –dox condition ratio set at 1. (E) Western blot of phospho-STAT5 (Tyr694), total STAT5, and BCL2 in LOUCY_MEF2C-BFP cells that were grown in 10% FCS media without (–dox) or with MEF2C induction (+dox) for 24 hours and subsequently incubated without and with 100 ng/mL IL-7 for 15 minutes (top) or 2 days (bottom). Ruxolitinib (2 μM) was added for 1 hour before IL-7 addition and remained present throughout the experiment. β-Actin was used as a loading control. Relative band intensity ratios for phospho-STAT5 (normalized to total STAT5 level) and for BCL2 (normalized to β-actin) are shown as explained in D.

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